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semantic property
Semantic properties or meaning properties are those aspects of a linguistic unit, such as a morpheme, word, or sentence, that contribute to the meaning of that unit. Basic semantic properties include being ''meaningful'' or ''meaningless'' – for example, whether a given word is part of a language's lexicon with a generally understood meaning; ''polysemy'', having multiple, typically related, meanings; ''ambiguity'', having meanings which aren't necessarily related ; and ''anomaly'', where the elements of a unit are semantically incompatible with each other, although possibly grammatically sound. Beyond the expression itself, there are higher-level semantic relations that describe the relationship between units: these include synonymy, antonymy, and hyponymy.〔Akmajian, Adrian; Richard A. Demers, Ann K. Farmer, Robert M. Harnish (2001). ''Linguistics: An Introduction to Language and Communication''. MIT Press. ISBN 0-262-51123-1. pp. 237–241〕〔Small, Steven Lawrence; Cottrell, Garrison Weeks & Tanenhaus, Michael K. (1988). ''Lexical ambiguity resolution: perspectives from psycholinguistics, neuropsychology, and artificial intelligence''. Morgan Kaufmann. ISBN 0-934613-50-8, ISBN 978-0-934613-50-7.〕〔Murphy, M. Lynne (2003). ''Semantic Relations and the Lexicon: Antonymy, Synonymy, and Other Paradigms.'' Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-78067-5, ISBN 978-0-521-78067-4.〕
Besides basic properties of semantics, semantic property is also sometimes used to describe the semantic components of a word, such as ''man'' assuming that the referent is ''human'', ''male'', and ''adult'', or ''female'' being a common component of ''girl'', ''woman'', and ''actress''. In this sense, semantic properties are used to define the semantic field of a word or set of words.〔Brinton, Laurel J. (2000). ''The structure of modern English: a linguistic introduction''. Illustrated edition. John Benjamins Publishing Company. ISBN.9027225672, 9789027225672. p.112〕〔Leech, Geoffrey (1974). ''Semantics''. Pelican Books. ISBN 0-14-021694-4. pp. 96-102〕
==Notes==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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